Ceramic Fiber Properties and Applications

Ceramic materials have the advantages of high melting point, high hardness, high wear resistance, oxidation resistance, etc., and are called the three major solid materials today along with metal materials and polymer materials. Ceramic materials are divided into structural ceramics and functional ceramics according to the nature and field of application. Structural ceramics: Structural ceramics have the advantages of high temperature resistance, good chemical stability, not easy to corrode, high strength, high hardness, and good thermal conductivity. According to their components, structural ceramics are divided into three categories: oxide ceramics, non-oxide ceramics, ceramic matrix composites; functional ceramics: Functional ceramics are a material that utilizes its non-mechanical properties. Functional ceramics have numerous applications in biotechnology, aerospace, energy development and other fields.

Types of ceramic fibers

Ceramic fiber is a kind of refractory material with light weight and fibrous appearance. Its fiber length is 100-250mm and the fiber diameter is 2-5m. Ceramic fiber products have the advantages of light weight, high temperature resistance, small heat capacity, good thermal insulation and high temperature thermal insulation properties, etc., so they are widely used in aviation, petrochemical and other fields. There are many types of ceramic fibers, which can be divided into crystalline fibers and glass fibers according to their microstructure, among which SiO2 and Al2O3 are typical representatives of glass fibers; ceramic fibers can be divided into oxide fibers and non-oxide fibers according to their chemical composition. Among them, SiC and Si3N4 are the representatives of non-oxide fibers; ceramic fibers can be divided into three categories according to the use temperature: low-grade ceramic fibers (800-1100℃), mid-grade ceramic fibers (1100-1300℃), high-grade ceramic fibers (1300-1300℃) 1500°C).

Ceramic fiber application

Thermal insulation material: ceramic fiber has good high temperature resistance properties, which can withstand high temperature of 1500 ° C; ceramic fiber also has a good thermal insulation function, which is mainly determined by the mixed structure of ceramic fiber (ie, solid fiber and air). Therefore, ceramic fibers can well solve the problem of poor toughness of refractory materials. The thermal insulation properties of ceramic fibers make ceramic fiber products widely used in industrial furnace walls and building materials.

High temperature filter material: ceramic fiber has a large specific surface area, and the filter material prepared from it has high filtration purity. At the same time, ceramic fiber shows more excellent performance in terms of thermal stability, chemical stability and thermal shock resistance. Therefore, ceramic fibers are widely used in environmental fields, such as air purification, sewage treatment, and flue gas filtration.

Sound absorption and sound insulation material: Ceramic fiber material has good sound absorption and sound insulation effect, mainly because when the sound wave is transmitted to the inside of the material, the sound wave and the air existing in the fiber pores will have a viscous effect, and the sound wave will also produce frictional resistance with the fiber. , so part of the lost sound energy is converted into heat energy. In addition, the air in the fiber pores produces heat conduction when compressed, and the heat conduction also causes the loss of sound energy, thereby absorbing the incoming sound waves. Therefore, ceramic fiber material has good sound absorption and sound insulation effect, which makes it widely used in construction, transportation and other fields.

Catalyst carrier material: ceramic fiber has the advantages of large specific surface area, high porosity, good catalytic effect, etc. When the ceramic fiber loaded with catalyst is used in the controlled diffusion reaction, due to its small diffusion resistance, a good catalytic effect is obtained. Therefore, ceramic fiber As a catalyst, it has great application potential in the field of catalysis.

Strengthening and toughening materials: The disadvantage of poor toughness of ceramic materials is well known, so ceramic fibers are the most effective way to toughen ceramic materials. The most widely used ceramic fibers are: Al2O3 long fibers, SiC long fibers, etc. At the same time, ceramic fibers can also be used in the toughening of metal materials.

New functional materials: Ceramic fibers are widely used in new high-temperature superconducting materials, new functional materials, such as far-infrared fibers, conductive fibers, etc. due to their many advantages.